Water budget study for groundwater recharge in Indus River Basin, Punjab (Pakistan)

Abstract Assessing groundwater recharge is crucial for managing and governing water resources in any region. Indus River Basin (IRB) an area that relies heavily on canal irrigation. The replenishment of largely dependent surface supplies. purpose this research to determine the amount from various sources Rachna Doab. study employed budget method calculate seasonal during Rabi (October–March) Kharif (April–September) (Summer) periods 2005 2011. main components were rainfall, conveyed through channels, irrigation applied cultivated fields. Conversely, extraction private public tube wells was discharge component study. Groundwater levels increased season but decreased season. Average contribution rainfall 45 14% seasons, respectively. total annual watercourses fields estimated be approximately 33% recharge. Rainfall most significant source long-term recharge, followed by In general, average depletion reservoir 94 million cubic meters per